mpegtsenc: invalid computed DTS values (HEVC)

[Ace17]

Summary of the bug:

With some HEVC bitstreams (embedded in the example below), the input AVPacket DTS/PTS are ignored, and the output stream is missing some DTS values, and repeating some other ones.

I would have expected a steady DTS increase, and PTS=DTS.
(please note that in this stream, the display order matches the coding order, although B-frames are used).

How to reproduce:

$ gcc -o muxer hevc_mux_issue.c `pkg-config libavformat libavcodec libavutil --cflags --libs`
$ ./muxer > out.ts
$ ffprobe -show_packets out.ts | grep dts= -B 2

Result:

ffprobe version 4.1-1 Copyright (c) 2007-2018 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 8 (Debian 8.2.0-12)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=1 --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --arch=amd64 --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --disable-filter=resample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libjack --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable-librubberband --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  libavutil      56. 22.100 / 56. 22.100
  libavcodec     58. 35.100 / 58. 35.100
  libavformat    58. 20.100 / 58. 20.100
  libavdevice    58.  5.100 / 58.  5.100
  libavfilter     7. 40.101 /  7. 40.101
  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
  libswscale      5.  3.100 /  5.  3.100
  libswresample   3.  3.100 /  3.  3.100
  libpostproc    55.  3.100 / 55.  3.100
Input #0, mpegts, from 'yo.ts':
  Duration: 00:00:00.44, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 51 kb/s
  Program 1 
    Metadata:
      service_name    : Service01
      service_provider: FFmpeg
    Stream #0:0[0x100]: Video: hevc (Main) ([6][0][0][0] / 0x0006), yuv420p(tv), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 50 fps, 12.50 tbr, 90k tbn, 50 tbc
pts=0
pts_time=0.000000
dts=N/A
--
pts=3600
pts_time=0.040000
dts=3600
--
pts=7200
pts_time=0.080000
dts=3600
--
pts=10800
pts_time=0.120000
dts=10800
--
pts=14400
pts_time=0.160000
dts=10800
--
pts=18000
pts_time=0.200000
dts=18000
--
pts=21600
pts_time=0.240000
dts=18000
--
pts=25200
pts_time=0.280000
dts=25200
--
pts=28800
pts_time=0.320000
dts=25200
--
pts=32400
pts_time=0.360000
dts=32400
$

// hevc_mux_issue.c
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#include <libavformat/avformat.h>

typedef struct
{
  int size;
  const char* data;
} AccessUnit;

const AccessUnit accessUnits[] =
{
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};

int onWrite(void* opaque, uint8_t* buf, int len)
{
  fwrite(buf, 1, len, stdout);
  return len;
}

int main()
{
  AVFormatContext* ctx = NULL;
  avformat_alloc_output_context2(&ctx, NULL, "mpegts", NULL);
  assert(ctx);
  assert(!(ctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE));

  AVStream* stream = avformat_new_stream(ctx, NULL);
  assert(stream);

  uint8_t writeBuffer[1024];
  ctx->pb = avio_alloc_context(writeBuffer, (int)(sizeof writeBuffer), 1, NULL, NULL, &onWrite, NULL);
  assert(ctx->pb);

  int ret = avformat_write_header(ctx, NULL);
  assert(ret >= 0);

  for(int i=0;i < sizeof(accessUnits)/sizeof(*accessUnits);++i)
  {
    AVPacket pkt;
    av_init_packet(&pkt);

    const int64_t t = (i * 90000LL) / 50;
    pkt.data = (uint8_t*)accessUnits[i].data;
    pkt.size = accessUnits[i].size;
    pkt.pts = t;
    pkt.dts = t;

    int ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(ctx, &pkt);
    assert(ret >= 0);

    av_packet_unref(&pkt);

    ++i;
  }

  av_write_trailer(ctx);

  av_free(ctx->pb);
  avformat_free_context(ctx);

  return 0;
}

[Carl Eugen Hoyos]

Is the issue reproducible with current FFmpeg git head?
Is the issue reproducible with ffmpeg, the application?

[Ace17]

Is the issue reproducible with current FFmpeg git head?

Yes.
I just reproduced the issue with git commit d227ed5d598340e719eff7156b1aa0a4469e9a6a .

Is the issue reproducible with ffmpeg, the application?

No, because the ffmpeg application fails muxing the corresponding HEVC elementary stream.

bin$ ./ffmpeg -i /tmp/ordered.hevc -vcodec copy -y output.ts
ffmpeg version git-2019-03-12-d227ed5 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 8 (Debian 8.2.0-21)
  configuration: --prefix=/tmp/ffmpeg-sysroot
  libavutil      56. 26.100 / 56. 26.100
  libavcodec     58. 47.103 / 58. 47.103
  libavformat    58. 26.101 / 58. 26.101
  libavdevice    58.  6.101 / 58.  6.101
  libavfilter     7. 48.100 /  7. 48.100
  libswscale      5.  4.100 /  5.  4.100
  libswresample   3.  4.100 /  3.  4.100
Input #0, hevc, from '/tmp/ordered.hevc':
  Duration: N/A, bitrate: N/A
    Stream #0:0: Video: hevc (Main), yuv420p(tv), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 50 fps, 50 tbr, 1200k tbn, 50 tbc
Output #0, mpegts, to 'output.ts':
  Metadata:
    encoder         : Lavf58.26.101
    Stream #0:0: Video: hevc (Main), yuv420p(tv), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=2-31, 50 fps, 50 tbr, 90k tbn, 1200k tbc
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (copy)
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[mpegts @ 0x5622429eddc0] Timestamps are unset in a packet for stream 0. This is deprecated and will stop working in the future. Fix your code to set the timestamps properly
[mpegts @ 0x5622429eddc0] first pts value must be set
av_interleaved_write_frame(): Invalid data found when processing input
frame=    1 fps=0.0 q=-1.0 Lsize=       0kB time=-00:00:00.01 bitrate=  -0.0kbits/s speed=N/A    
video:0kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: unknown
Conversion failed!
bin$

The resulting output.ts is empty, but this is another issue.

[Carl Eugen Hoyos]

Why do you think this is another issue?

[Ace17]

I seems so, because the mpegts muxer is under different conditions:

A) AVPacket.pts and AVPacket.dts are fully specified, av_interleaved_write_frame doesn't report any error, and the output transport stream has invalid DTS values.

B) AVPacket.pts and AVPacket.dst are not specified, av_interleaved_write_frame reports an error and no output file is produced.

Moreover, B) might be a lot harder to get to work, as it involves reconstructing the picture display order from the HEVC elementary stream, to compute a PTS and a DTS. In A), the PTS and DTS are provided by the program.

(Of course, I might be wrong about this, and both problematic behaviors might have the same root cause)

[Carl Eugen Hoyos]

Please attach the file ordered.hevc.

[Ace17]

Here you go.

[Carl Eugen Hoyos]

Is there a reason why you don't make sure pts > dts?
pkt.pts = t + 1;

[Ace17]

Yes,
My real use-case involves a third-party hardware encoder, which provides, under some configurations, the exact PTS&DTS values than the (greatly simplified) example program I posted.

[Carl Eugen Hoyos]

Did you encode the frames that you provided with the hardware encoder?

[Ace17]

Yes.
The bitstream and the PTS,DTS values all come from the same hardware encoder.