Selecting streams with the -map option

The -map option is used to choose which streams from the input(s) should be included in the output(s). The -map option can also be used to exclude specific streams with negative mapping.

Default behavior

If you do not use the -map option then the default stream selection behavior will automatically choose streams.

• Default stream selection will not automatically choose all of the streams.
• Only one stream per type will be selected. For example, if the input has 3 video streams it will only choose 1.
• The default stream selection will choose streams based upon specific criteria.

Using the -map option disables the default stream selection behavior and allows you to manually choose streams.

Syntax

The syntax is:

-map input_file_index:stream_type_specifier:stream_index

• input_file_index refers to an input and by default will include all of its streams.
• stream_type_specifier (optional) is a stream specifier which will limit the selection to a specific stream type. Stream specifiers include video, audio, subtitles, data, attachments. Most of the examples below use stream specifiers.
• stream_index (optional) will select a specific stream. If stream_type_specifier is used then the stream_index only refers to the selected stream type and ignores all other stream types.

Note: Index numbers start from 0. So the first input or stream is #0, second input or stream is #1, third input or stream is #2, etc.

Modifiers

• A - character before the input_file_index, such as -map -0:v, creates a negative mapping. It disables matching streams from already created mappings. See example.
• A trailing ?, such as -map 1:a?, will allow the map to be optional. If the map matches no streams the map will be ignored instead of failing. Note the mapping will still fail if an invalid input_file_index is used; such as if the map refers to a non-existent input. See example.

Order

The order of -map options is important:

• -map order determines the stream order in the output(s).
• Mapping is applied in order. This is useful when using negative mapping.

Simple examples

To better understand the syntax here are some examples and descriptions:

• -map 0 From input index #0 (the 1st input) select all streams.
• -map 1:a From input index #1 (the 2nd input) select all audio streams.
• -map 3:s:4 From input index #3 (the 4th input) select subtitle stream index #4 (the fifth subtitle stream).
• -map 0 -map -0:s Will select all streams from input index #0 (the 1st input) except subtitles. The - indicates negative mapping.

Diagram

These two commands in the diagram above do the same thing, but use two different methods to map streams. The example commands in the diagram above will both select the video from input0.mp4 and the 3rd audio stream from input1.mkv to output.mp4.

• The top command does not use any stream specifiers. This is an absolute method of mapping and will choose the specific desired stream regardless of type.
• The bottom command includes stream specifiers to limit the streams to a specific type. With this method the stream_index only refers to the stream type as specified by stream_type_specifier.

In the example commands -map 1:3 refers to "second input:fourth stream", and -map 1:a:2 refers to "second input:audio only:third audio stream".

Examples

Tip: You can add -c copy to many of these examples to enable stream copy mode. This is useful if you want to mux only and avoid encoding.

Choose all streams

Single input:

ffmpeg -i input.avi -map 0 output.mkv

Multiple inputs:

ffmpeg -i input0.mkv -i input1.mp4 -i input2.wav -map 0 -map 1 -map 2 output.mkv

Using stream copy to remux (no encoding):

ffmpeg -i input.avi -map 0 -c copy output.mkv

Video streams only

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -map 0:v output.mp4

Audio streams only

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -map 0:a output.mp4

A specific video stream only

Choose the 5th video stream:

ffmpeg -i input.mkv -map 0:v:4 output.mp4

Note that counting starts from 0.

Video and audio from different files

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i audio.m4a -map 0:v -map 1:a output.mp4

Everything except audio

Using negative mapping:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -map 0 -map -0:a output.mp4

Specific language

Include all video and all streams with Spanish language metadata:

ffmpeg -i input.mkv -map 0:v -map 0:m:language:spa output.mp4

See ​List of ISO 639-1 codes for the 3 letter language names.

Choose outputs from filters

In this example the filtered video is named [v] and the filtered audio is named [a]:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -i logo.png -i audio.mp3 -filter_complex "[0]scale=1280:-1[bg];[bg][1]overlay[v];[2:a]volume=-3dB[a]" -map "[v]" -map "[a]" output.mp4

You can use almost any arbitrary names to label the filter outputs.

Multiple outputs

Output video to video.mp4. Output audio stream index #1 (the 2nd audio stream) to audio_1.mp3. Output audio stream index #3 (the 4th audio stream) to audio_3.wav:

ffmpeg -i input.mkv -map 0:v video.mp4 -map 0:a:1 audio_1.mp3 -map 0:a:3 audio_3.wav

Note that counting starts from 0.

Optional mapping

Adding a trailing question mark (?) to -map will ignore the mapping if the stream does not exist.

To map the video and audio streams and ignore the audio mapping if no audio streams exist:

ffmpeg -i input.webm -map 0:v -map 0:a? output.mkv

If -map 0:a is used instead, and there are no audio streams, then ffmpeg will fail with Stream map '0:a' matches no streams. To ignore this, add a trailing '?' to the map..

Re-order streams

The order of your -map options determines the order of the streams in the output. In this example the input file has audio as stream #0 and video as stream #1 (which is possible but unusual). Example to re-position video followed by audio:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -map 0:v -map 0:a -c copy output.mp4

This example stream copies (re-mux) with -c copy to avoid re-encoding.

See also

• -map option documentation